Achievement of self-worth and value in life Essay Example for Free

Achievement of self-worth and value in life Essay In life, individuals need to search and discover themselves in order to achieve or attain self-worth and value in life, not necessarily these have to be discovered under intense or adverse conditional environment. Perhaps, such conditions may assist to unleash or invoke the true potential inherent in individuals being. The realization of such raises the eagerness to search the room for the toning of abilities. This has been my individual highlight and life experience, and cognizance should be taken of the fact that â€Å"a lesson learned should not be a lesson forgotten†. With this introduction of my unfavorable distinctive past experience, it has distinguished of how as a determined individual I should shape life. To it, principles and certain attitudes have to exist in shaping a goal. This has led to the realization that at some point one has to accept the fact that change and flexibility are the bases for adapting to greater heights. I am with confidence and mentally ready of enrolling in this course due to the aim of expanding the knowledge base in this field of study and receiving the superlative possible chance of success and particularly refining rational capability. With personal objectives of advancing studies to a Masters level, and purpose of obtaining a profound insight for a continuous contribution to both local government and private sector; allowing the application of the acquired analytical skills to contribute and support improvement in any encountered challenging environment. Participate in a growth-oriented environment that challenges individuals to desire for competency and develop with organizations that realize potential and ability that individuals possess. NMU as an internationally recognized academic institution, it would be of a primitive mind not to enroll in making my aspirations grow into more a reality. With the above-mentioned aspirations, it could be made possible through being developed and equipped with the necessary tools available in this course leading to a successful career. As my career objective is to pursue enlargement of knowledge and understanding of the world and exposure to a new perspective. A choice had to be made to either allow progress in my life. Individual’s choice or enthusiasm ought to come from within, that will dig aspiration for growth and development. This has been fuelled via the diverse environmental forces and needs to change my circumstance that I have been exposed to. I strive and aspire to be progressed to the next level. This course has convinced me and aligns with my objectives, with features of strengthening and equipping me with tools to a successful career. I desire to excel and remain characterized with good leadership qualities, capable of demonstrating excellent business knowledge and proficiency in business disciplines. Seeking the ability to be able to communicate ideas clearly and concisely in formal and informal settings. Professional skills that will empower me to contribute within a diverse set of relationships that facilitate success in contemporary organizations. Critical and logical thinking that integrates concepts across disciplines with creativity and integrity permitting me to successfully lead in a dynamic global environment. Develop the technical and analytical skills necessary to pursue a variety of careers in the industry.

The New Hydraulic System Engineering Essay

The New Hydraulic System Engineering Essay The major aim of the project is to investigate about the new hydraulic system of a380 and the reasons for increasing the hydraulic pressure from 3,000 psi to 5, 000 psi. The project is also intended at discussing and investigating about the new electro- hydrostatic actuators which uses this high hydraulic pressure. This report emphasiss on how this hydraulic system with 5,000 psi works and how it is better than previous hydraulic system. Saving Weight is the major reason for using 5000 psi hydraulic system in a380. By using higher pressure and smaller volume of fluid though the pipe of smaller radius, saves tonne of weight throughout the aircraft. Earlier used in military aircraft, this 5000 psi hydraulic system helps to reduce overall weight of the aircraft by reducing size of pipelines and other components. Fig.1 Kevlar hydraulic hoses, used for carrying high hydraulic pressure in A380. (eaton, 2006) Architecture of a380 hydraulic system differs extremely from other aircrafts, it uses pipeline specifically made of titanium and eight de- clutchable hydraulic pumps being used to achieve this high pressure of 350 bars. Also hydraulic power packs serve as backup for primary systems, instead of secondary hydraulic system which reduces maintenance and save weight. The very obvious reason that come to mind for using an enormous 5000 pounds per square inch seems to be the fact that there is need of massive power needed to fly the giant A380. But there is a lot more to it. The technical reason for that is the weight saving that the designers envisaged. In conjunction to the principles of physics, the pipelines of the hydraulic system have been designed to a smaller diameter as opposed to those used in other wide bodied aircraft, like B 777 in close enough range of A 380. As we know Force = A * P Where A is the cross section area and P is the pressure exerted by the hydraulic fluid Smaller diameter of pipelines enables greater hydraulic pressure to be exerted. Thus apart from giving enough power to drive the controls, it also provides the adequacy for lightweight components though they needed to be stronger. So this reduces overall weight of the aircraft. The way A380s hydraulic system is designed is completely different from those of others. The fact that its piping system is specifically made of titanium. Eight hydraulic pumps that are clutch able add to the extraordinary feature of this beautiful machine. Also, power packs that are driven hydraulically provide back up for the main hydraulic system. His eliminates the need for a secondary system that is normally implemented for redundancy. Here we see an intelligent application of a really appreciable weight reducing technique. This not only saves weight of the aircraft, but also takes a leap across in the world of engineering, in aircraft manufacturing and provides a base for producing aircrafts with such excellent duplicity in designing power store for possibly bigger aircrafts. Assuming the A 380 was made with the conventional 3000 psi, it is logical to say that the overall size of the now a380 would have been much bigger. As the experts say, an A380 with a working pressure of 3000 psi would have a nominal diameter of more than 3 inches as opposed to nearly 2 inches which is the actual. The reason as discussed before is the bigger size of the hydraulic components and the pipelines. This in turn would have demanded bigger housings and heavier mountings for a robust structure. Moreover the fittings that join these components would obviously be proportionally bigger and thus adding to weight of the aircraft. All this idea of weight saving methods has been targeted to the profits that the air carriers would yield in the long run. It translates to having bigger payload capacity that generates more revenue for the business involved. The hydraulic pump is located on the engine gearbox that runs on the mechanical power provided by the engine and turns it into hydraulic power. This hydraulic force of the fluid is exerted to the flight control surfaces like the rudders, ailerons, flaps, elevators. Transformation of the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy is felicitated by electro hydraulic actuators, which is another key feature in the making of A 380. These electro hydraulic actuators are driven through electrical power available from the aircraft generator or the TRUs (transformer rectifier units). They have got electro hydraulic static valves. Figures reveal the advantageous design better. As we know from the mathematical relation, Power = C * P Where C is the volumetric flow rate and P is the pressure exerted. A constant power output would imply change in either of the quantities, i.e. force or pressure. Therefore an increase in pressure would lead to reduction in the rate of flow of the fluid, which is about 40% in A380s case. Consequently, the flow rate in the 5000 psi system is about 42 gallons per minute which in a hypothetical 3000 psi system would have been 70 gallons per minute. So clearly we see a remarkable difference in the amount of fluid flowing per unit time in this instance. But considering the size of A380, this would not have been feasible like it is in case of other aircraft, or even for that matter the jumbo jet B747. Airbus successfully achieved an appreciable 20% reduction in the weight by switching to more pressure and lower flow rate that very well suited to a system that involve figures about masses and quantities, precisely 2500 pounds of weight. But, the only drawback for using this 5000 psi is that the components are not available easily. Invention of hydraulic power generation system Apart from the aviation industry, there are not many  industries  that put emphasis on ways of weight reduction. In an industry of commercial aviation,where  the sole source of profits are the flying machines. To make that happen effectively efficiently and economically, there is constant research and development going on throughout the world to develop new technologies and devise new methods of advancement in the field. Every ounce of weight of the mass of the aircraft  would  imply an extra amount of fuel to be consumed. Thus in an effort to reduce the weight and amplify the power to mass em and ultimately increase profits, Airbus endeavoured to save weight of A380.   A hydraulic system with an operating pressure of nearly 5000 psi is not the latest trend though. Since 1970s, military  aircraft  of sophisticated kind have been using such a mean pressure, but with the advent of the giant beauty, it is the first time that such high a pressure has  been  used in passenger aircraft, against the  conventional  3000 psi hydraulic systems, obviously with the exception of Concorde which featured a 4000 psi system. Components that are used in such military air machines need to be light weight as well as strong enough to handle such fluid  conditions. Similar requirements were demanded by the  design  of A380.   When the bright idea of building the worlds largest commercial carrier  was still on paper, Airbus did know that weight and volume of the structural parts and components involved would be the most critical factor in practical. Engineers and designers pondered upon the expertise that would go into it and discussed the latest hydraulic system technologies. These co-ordinated efforts led to a plateau phase that lasted four months, in which the criteria and the specifications of the components and materials involved were developed. The outcome was that the trade of fuel distribution  system  and the hydraulic power generation system was ultimately given to Eaton Corporation.   A380 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM As compared to other airbus hydraulic system, this A380 got only two hydraulic systems i.e. green and yellow, replacing the third hydraulic system by electro- hydraulic system which comprises of EHA and EBHA. fig.2 block diagram (eaton, 2006) A380 HYDRAULIC AND ELECTRIC POWER SOURCES fig.3 hydraulic sources (tron, 2007) electro hydrostatic actuators fig.4 electro hydrostatic actuators (tron, 2007) EHAs are electrically operated actuators, which replaces the third hydraulic system in an aircraft, thus it simplifies the aircraft architecture and makes it more reliable. It has an advantage of storing the pressure internally, when there is no movement in the motor, thus it reduces the power usage. WORKING AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM   It is the first time in the civil aviation history that flight actuators are incorporated that are powered solely by electricity that give back up to the  hydraulic  powered flight control actuators. When required they augment the primary  actuator. They contain their own hydraulic  and electrical supplies.   For aileron and elevator  movement  EHAs or Electro- hydrostatic actuators are used. For rudder and spoilers movement they are used as EBHAs Electrical back up hydrostatic actuators.   As the pressure has increase from 210 bar (3000 psi) to 350 bar (5000 psi), this has led to thinner pipelines being used. The conventional metal to metal fittings have been replaced by isomeric sealing which bind the metal chemically. Tests have proved that such high pressure would not degrade any chemical or physical property of the fluid, with an added advantage of saving about a metric ton! Hydraulic system of A3809 consists of eight Vickers PV-300-31 hydraulic pumps that are engine driven and are of variable displacement type that have a displacement that deliver at a  rate of 42 gallons per minute at 3775 revolutions per minute. Their displacement is  47 ml per revolution There are two unique features that set this kind of pump apart from traditional type of hydraulic pumps. Firstly, the disengagement clutch that is not found on any of the other commercial or military aircraft. For instance, if any of the eight pumps is not working, it can be de clutched or separated from the system. Then the pump cannot be engaged, with the exception on ground that too by manual means. The second important characteristic of this kind of pump is pressure pulsation. Generally, there are pressure fluctuations n a pump, typically about 10%.] I.e. The value of the pressures generated can vary to about 10% above and below of the nominated value. Even in recent models, this pulsation is about 5%. But Airbus wanted the value to be as low as 1%. These results were immaculate. It led to a system which had variations to a maximum of 4900 psi and 5100 psi on both sides. Low noise levels were an added advantage.   Another important Development with the upcoming of A380 is that they have incorporated four 150 kVa electrical generators which can be frequency controlled. Thus eliminating the use of constant speed drives (CSDs) and better reliability.  Embedded in the same electrical system are the new aluminium power cables that have replaced copper. Thus saving on weight for an aircraft that requires numerous cables running in it for such complex systems.  This power system of the A380 is fully digital and computerised. So the contractors and the breakers have been replaced by solid state devices for better performance. Extending discussion about the electrical power system of A380, it would be logical to mention the illumination system. The lighting is provided by the LEDs which have replaced conventional bulbs. These multi spectral LEDs are capable of producing day like effects anytime and producing shades of variable candela and contrast.   Fig5 components operating the hydraulic system (eaton, 2006) GROUND SERVICE PANEL: According to the fig.2, ground service panel is located at the foremost part of the aircraft in the hydraulic bay and is used for monitoring and maintaining the hydraulic system. Basically it consists of pressure and level gauges, to keep a check over the fluid levels and air pressurization. Fig.6 ground service panel (eaton, 2006) ENGINE DRIVEN PUMP: The main source of supplying 5000 psi is EDP, there are total eight Vickers branded engine driven pumps being installed on the airbus a380 and each being powered by the gear box, supplying the rate of flow of 160 l/min (42 gpm) at 3775 rpm.These pumps are based on clutch mechanism which enables them to disconnect from the engine gear box as required on flight or on ground. Fig.7 engine driven pump (EDP) (eaton, 2006) FIRE SHUT OFF VALVE: Four fire shut off valves being fitted in A380, in order to shut the hydraulic lines in case of major incidents or engine failure. The unit consist of an electrical motor, which has been designed specially for low electrical consumption, saving notable weight of the aircraft cables. Fig.8 fire shut off valve (eaton, 2006) SLAT DRIVE SYSTEM: This system consists of a hydraulic motor, sensors and brake release mechanism, where motor is bi- directional with variable displacement in nature and sensors are based on closed loop motor control mechanism. it is the first commercial aircraft, which uses this variable displacement motors to operate the secondary flight controls. Fig.9 hydraulic motor (eaton, 2006) HIGH PRESSURE MAINTENANCE FREE ACCUMULATOR: These accumulators are mostly used for maintaining the brake system of the jumbo jet during parking mode and also used as backup for emergency braking. They are charged with helium and can only operate with high pressure hydraulic fluid i.e. 5000 psi. Fig.10 high pressure accumulator (eaton, 2006) HYDRAULIC SLIDING UNIONS: These sliding unions are used for distribution of hydraulic power to different sections of aircraft such as rudder, elevators, landing gear etc. They are used for supporting pipe length during contraction and expansion, due to thermal changes and significant wing deflection. As shown in fig.2, they are located at rear spar area of the wings. Fig.11 hydraulic sliding unions (eaton, 2006) Highlights of new hydraulic system C:Usersswatinw sngsPictures380 10.jpg Fig.12 highlights of new system (bugatti) Electro hydrostatic actuators (EHAs)   These are for back up flight controls and are driven by mini pumps which are smaller that conventional pumps  but capable of delivering fluid at 5000 psi. Massive size of a380, brings out a new approach to its flight control system, moving these large surfaces hydraulically being proposed but later replaced by the new hydraulic plus electric architecture known as electro hydrostatic actuators. http://www.messier-bugatti.com/IMG/jpg/hmp0033n.jpg fig.13 mini pumps (bugatti) Hydraulic filtration and distribution   Its components are made of titanium so it can bear high pressures, being stronger and lighter in weight at the same time. Steering system To impart great manoeuvrability to the aircraft, Messier Buggati developed variable architectures to enhance the same. for example,   the nose wheel was managed by a software  Ã‚  IMA ( Integrated Modular Avionics) and a backup circuit of the type LEHGS (local electric hydraulic generation system) to support the main circuit for the nose wheel. The two rear wheels on each of the two central bogies are controlled by RDC (remote data concentrators) along with IMA. http://www.messier-bugatti.com/IMG/jpg/hs0013nblocorient_ra_a380-230-2.jpg fig.14 A380 steering system (bugatti) An application of the same is WABSIC  that  stands for  wheel and braking system integrated components  , it has two functions.one is to ensure the rotational speed of the tyre, other is to monitor the tire pressure through wireless data transmission. Moreover a brake cooling fan is part of this integrated unit. The same manufacturer Messier Buggati is responsible for the brake temperature monitoring system and oleo pressure monitoring system on the A380   Braking control system This is controlled by two main circuits fed by two hydraulic circuits, both operating at 5000 psi and monitored by the IMA software. The alternate system which uses de centralised  hydraulic system is also a full brake by wire system which is controlled by an analogue computer and has an emergency baking control unit (EBCU). landing gear hydraulic system As everyone knows that the world biggest airliner a380, has gained much of media headlines for building the jumbo jet with the hydraulic pressure of 5000 psi and they uses this pressure for operating their landing gear systems, which was a big challenge to work on. Maximum take-off weight of a380 is 560 tonnes, out of which 20 tonnes is only of gear itself. Landing gear retraction and extension system is the major element, which manages the landing gear of a380 having total of 22 wheels with 5000 psi. LGERS also introduces the new electromechanical uplocks, which are used for locking and the unlocking undercarriage bay doors and landing gears. These up locks can be used in normal mode as well as in emergency mode, but because of its weight they being replaced by the electromechanical actuators which are far more Compaq and cheaper as it eliminates the use of cable riggings which saves weight and cost as well. There are total 12 up locks being installed on a380, which are easy to maintain as it removes the need of bleed hydraulic system.

Free Macbeth Essays: The Impact of Act 2 scene 2 :: Free Essay Writer

The Impact of Act 2 scene 2 of Macbeth  Ã‚      Act 2 scene 2 is the most violent and intense part of Macbeth although we do no actually witness the murder of King Duncan. It is interesting that Shakespeare chooses to have Macbeth kill Duncan offstage. We can only guess why he wrote the scene that way, I think that Shakespeare wanted to focus not on the murder but on Macbeth’s reaction to it; the bloody details supplied by the audiences imaginations will be much worse than anything that could be done onstage. It is also the most crucial part of the play; it is the first of many murders. This scene takes place at night; I feel the darkness represents what is unnatural, cruel and evil. Everything that happens within the play appears to revolve around this particular scene. Not only is this important because it contains the murderous act, it also conveys to the audience the rapid disintegration of the relationship between the two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In act 2, scene 2, the murder of Duncan takes place. The audience should be on the edge of their seats by now, wondering if Macbeth will actually have the nerve to murder his king. The tension increases dramatically when we see Lady Macbeth pacing about in a nervous but excited state, awaiting Macbeth’s return increases the tension dramatically. We get a peek at Lady Macbeth’s softer side. She says that she would have killed Duncan herself, but the old man looked too much like her father. This small reminder of Lady Macbeth’s humanity will be important to our understanding of what happens to her at the end of the play. As she waits she decides that she heard a screech owl, and she takes that as a good omen, because the screech owl is nature’s own ‘fatal bellman’. A ‘fatal bellman’ would emphasize the idea of death/ execution in the audience’s minds, which makes it all the more eerie, ‘He’s at it’. This particular part of this scene has to be the climax of the play. When Macbeth and his wife are re-united they are both highly charged with nervous energy and excitement. Macbeth and his wife at first do not speak in sentences. Their speech is syncopated and highly charged emotions tell the audience all is not well. The fact that Macbeth still has hold of the daggers intensifies the tension felt in the scene.

How will an awareness of psychoanalytic theory impact on your work in a

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalysis presumes that a good understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. It places a huge emphasis on the unconscious and how the unconscious is the precursor to human development. The level of awareness that I possess of psychoanalytic theory would impact my performance in the classroom only if I act on my understanding in a proactive manner. I believe it was Socrates who said that a teacher is one who not only has an understanding of subject, but is one who has the ability to teach it. And an elementary school teacher has a special responsibility in not only the intellectual, but the social development of his student. Using psychoanalysis is beneficial in seeing symbolic... How will an awareness of psychoanalytic theory impact on your work in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalysis presumes that a good understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. It places a huge emphasis on the unconscious and how the unconscious is the precursor to human development. The level of awareness that I possess of psychoanalytic theory would impact my performance in the classroom only if I act on my understanding in a proactive manner. I believe it was Socrates who said that a teacher is one who not only has an understanding of subject, but is one who has the ability to teach it. And an elementary school teacher has a special responsibility in not only the intellectual, but the social development of his student. Using psychoanalysis is beneficial in seeing symbolic...

Acceleration Within the School System Essay -- essays research papers

Papers on the topic, acceleration within in the school system, have had two very distinct arguments. There are those who believe that accelerating students, enhances their psychological welfare and academic achievements. On the other hand there are those who raise concerns as to whether, accelerating students does negatively affect them in some dimension. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of acceleration in relation to the educational setting, and to discuss the impact (both negative and positive) that acceleration has on the lives of students. I will discuss how and why students are identified as gifted and or talented, and what consequences arise from this label, if any. The essay will then proceed to offer types of programs available for gifted and or talented students in schools. This paper will focus on the various impacts acceleration has on students. Some discussion will be rendered as to the effect on the parents of accelerated students. My conclusions will be deri ved from the various arguments and research that will be presented throughout the essay. From the introduction we are led to the question, of what actually is acceleration? Davis and Rimm (1994) state that â€Å"any strategy that results in advanced placement or credit may be titled as acceleration†(p. 106). Acceleration is the act of advancing students into grades higher than their year of enrolment allows. The Board of Studies guidelines for accelerated progression (1991), define acceleration as involving, â€Å"the promotion of a student to a level of study beyond that which is usual for his/her age† (p.3). Rice (1970) has also defined it as a â€Å"rapid acquisition of knowledge and skills† (p. 178). These definitions of acceleration, especially the one offered by the Board of Studies, closely align Harrison (1995) who describes a gifted child as: One who performs or who has the ability to perform at a level significantly beyond his or her chronologically aged peers and whose unique abilities and characteristics require special provisions and social and emotional support from the family, community and educational context (p. 19). This definition takes into account the socio-emotional support that gifted children require when identified as gifted or talented. Harrison (1995) further recognises that this support does not come solely from the parents or the school but the community as ... ... &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Davis, G.A. (Ed.), Handbook of Gifted Education (2nd ed.). (pp. 27-42).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon. Thomas, T.A. (1993). The achievement and social adjustment of accelerated students:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact of the Academic Talent Search after seven years. California:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  California State University. (ERIC document ED 368146). VanTassel-Baska, J. (1986). Acceleration. In C. June Maker. (Ed.). Critical issues  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in gifted education: Defensible programs for the gifted. (pp. 179-195). Texas:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PRO-ED. VanTassel-Baska, J. (1997). What matters in curriculum for gifted learners: Reflections  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on theory, research and practice. In Colangelo, N. & Davis, G.A. (Ed.),   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handbook of Gifted Education (2nd ed.). (pp. 126-135). Massachusetts: Allyn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  & Bacon.

NY Times Paywall Essay

However the long-term prospects of paywalls remained uncertain. The subscriber growth was slowing down, and many of the paid subscribers of The Times were enticed by the introductory offer of 99 cents for a 4-week subscription. A previous experiment with a paywall, TimesSelect, was abandoned in 2007 after The Times secured 227,000 paying customers. Was the paywall a good idea for the long-term? Would it provide a foundation for a sustainable business model as The Times approached an ever-evolving technology and media landscape? Company Background The New York Times Company was a leading global multimedia news and information company with 2011 revenues of $2. 3 billion and an operating profit of $57 million, and operated The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, The Boston Globe, and About. com. (See Exhibit 1 for company structure, Exhibit 2 for business units and their revenues, and Exhibit 3 for company financials. ) The company defined its core purpose as â€Å"enhance[ing] society by creating, collecting and distributing high quality news, information and entertainment. †7 The New York Times, the flagship daily newspaper of the company, was founded on September 18, 1851, by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond, and former banker George Jones. By 2011, the newspaper had won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization. Reflecting on The Times’s importance, Michael Hirschorn, the contributing editor of the Atlantic, remarked: The Times still, I think to a remarkable degree, does set the agenda. You really can trace almost any major story these days to something that originally appeared in The Times. The problem is that once it reaches the public, they may not even know it came from The Times. 8 In spite of its prize-winning journalism, The Times was facing significant pressures. Its subscription and revenues had steadily declined over the years (see Exhibits 3 and 4). Its advertising revenues in 2011 were down by over 6% compared with 2010 ad revenues, and in spite of cost cutting, the operating profit in 2011 was 76% less than the previous year. In January 2012, the company sold its Regional Media Group consisting of 16 regional newspapers for $143 million in cash. 9 2 This document is authorized for use only by Karen Lao in Marketing Management taught by A. Prasad from August 2013 to December 2013. For the exclusive use of K. LAO The New York Times Paywall 512-077 The Newspaper Industry The New York Times was not alone in feeling this pressure—the entire newspaper industry was facing significant challenges. Overall circulation in the industry for both weekday and weekend newspapers was declining (Exhibit 5). Traditional sources of newspaper revenues—subscription, retail, and classified advertising—were also declining (Exhibit 6). In contrast, most of the costs for editorial staff, production, and distribution were fixed and had very little room for reduction. Table A shows the revenue and cost structure of a typical U. S. newspaper.

Baroque Music: Speech And Debate

Speech and Debate 8. October 2009 Baroque Music Hello, my name is and thank you for listening to my speech. Have you ever thought about how music got to the way it is today? Baroque music may seem boring or useless, but is a very important part of music history. Today I am going to talk about the basics of baroque music, the main instruments used during the baroque period, and the influences on baroque composers. So, to give you some background of baroque music, here are the six eras of music. As you can see, baroque is towards the middle, from 1600-1750. Baroque music is easily recognizable from different eras of music because of its distinct qualities. According to essentialsofmusic. com, the baroque era produced very dramatic music. In a baroque piece, there are many switches in dynamics, which means that the music would be soft then all of a sudden loud, or vice versa. This is because the instruments at the time weren’t capable of medium volume. There are also many switches between solos and ensembles, so there would be one person playing, then suddenly the whole group would join. According to baroque. com, baroque music was also very repetitive. The same rhythms were repeated multiple times throughout the piece. Also, the mood was kept the same throughout the piece. For example, when a song began sadly, it ended sadly. The instruments used in a piece of music have a lot of impact on the sound. There were many different types of instruments used during the baroque era. According to thinkquest. com, there were about thirteen main instruments used. The first three, the clavichord, harpsichord, and organ are keyboard-like instruments. The harpsichord is the most popular out of the three and is a factor that makes baroque music unique. The three main string instruments used were the violin, double bass, and lute. The violin was the most popular in the Baroque period whereas the lute and double bass were used more in the Renaissance. The three main wind instruments used were the bassoon, oboe, and flute. The trumpet, trombone, and horn were used in larger groups but not for solos. The only percussion, or drums, used was the timpani, which is a set of five drums that can be tuned to different notes. When a composer is writing music, they are influenced by the things going on around them in the world. During the baroque period, there were many major events occurring. According to Catherine Schmidt-Jones’ article â€Å"Music of the Baroque Period† on cnx. org, the Age of Reason was going on during the baroque period. This meant that many brilliant scientists like Galileo ad Henry Bacon were making discoveries. Also during the Age of Reason, churches had less power than they did in the Middle Ages or Renaissance. So, musicians didn’t rely on them as much to buy their music which led to more diverse and creative styles. According to eh. net, the Age of Crisis was also occurring during the baroque period. This consisted of a very long recession and a war between France, England, and several other small countries, which controlled two of Europe’s biggest economies. Now that you know more about baroque music, here are a few composers from this time. Bach is the one that will be familiar to most of you. Now I am going to play a selection of Baroque music. At the very beginning, you can hear the string instruments, mostly violin, playing very softly. If you listen closely you will hear the counterpoint as many different parts are played at the same time. Then, suddenly the music gets very loud and forceful but still keeps the same mood. The brass instruments are playing in the background but are not the main part. This song is called â€Å"Water Music† and is by George Frideric Handel. In closing, I hope that you can see that baroque music is an important part of musical history. The basics of baroque music, instruments used during the baroque period, and influences on baroque composers are all an important part of what makes up baroque music. So, the next time you hear some older music, instead of tuning it out, listen for the different parts of the piece. Thank you again for listening and I hope you enjoyed my speech.